The origins of international standardization
Efforts to create global standards began in the early twentieth century, building on the work of organizations such as the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA), founded in 1926. The ISA primarily focused on mechanical engineering but suspended activities during World War II. In 1944, the United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) was introduced to support international cooperation during the postwar reconstruction era.
The creation of ISO
In October 1946, delegates from 25 countries gathered in London to discuss a new approach to international standardization. This meeting led to the formal establishment of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 23 February 1947. The organization was designed to unite national standardization bodies, ensuring that all countries had equal rights and responsibilities in the development of standards. ISO’s structure and procedures were greatly influenced by those of the former ISA.
Early years and first standards
At its founding, ISO created 67 technical committees, each dedicated to a specific field such as screw threads, marine technology, food, textiles, paints, and laboratory equipment. The organization’s secretariat was established in Geneva, Switzerland, where it remains headquartered. The Central Secretariat began with just five staff members in the early 1950s.
ISO published its first standard in 1951, known as ISO/R 1:1951, which defined the standard reference temperature for industrial length measurements. This marked the beginning of ISO recommendations (standards were initially called "recommendations") and set a precedent for rigorous, consensus-based technical guidance.
Growth and diversification
Throughout its history, ISO has expanded its scope to address the evolving needs of global society and industry. The publication of ISO 31 on quantities and units broadened its influence across scientific and technical communities. As the number of member countries increased, ISO adapted its membership model to allow developing countries to stay informed of international standardization developments even if they could not afford full membership.
Major milestones and innovation
In 1987, ISO published the ISO 9000 series of quality management standards, which quickly became some of the most recognized and widely used standards in the world, helping organizations ensure quality and customer trust. In 1995, ISO launched its first website to make standards more accessible globally. The following year saw the release of ISO 14001, an environmental management standard offering organizations tools to measure and reduce their environmental impact.
Values and global reach
ISO remains committed to inclusiveness, global participation, and independence. The organization now encompasses 163 national members, making it the world’s largest developer of voluntary international standards, with over 22,000 standards covering nearly every industry. ISO’s standards continue to underpin international trade, safety, environmental sustainability, and technological advancement.
For precise dates, full historical context, and detailed milestone tracking, check out the ISO Story timeline